Introduction to Electric Vehicle Electronic Control
The electronic control part is equivalent to the nerve center of the vehicle, comparable to the human brain, and plays a role in controlling the operation of the entire vehicle. As a substitute for the functions of the traditional engine (gearbox), the performance of the motor and electronic control system of new energy vehicles directly determines the main performance indicators of electric cars such as climbing, acceleration, and maximum speed. At the same time, the working conditions faced by the electronic control system are relatively complex: it needs to be able to start and stop frequently, accelerate and decelerate, require high torque at low speed/climbing, and require low torque at high speed, with a large speed range; hybrid vehicles also need to handle special functions such as motor starting, motor power generation, and brake energy feedback.
In terms of electronic control, general OEMs only have the whole vehicle controller. The whole vehicle controller of new energy vehicles is not very different from that of traditional vehicles, and its maturity is also relatively high.
In addition, the energy consumption of the motor directly determines the cruising range under fixed battery capacity. Therefore, the electric vehicle drive system has special requirements in terms of load requirements, technical performance and working environment:
1. The drive motor should have a higher energy density, achieve lightweight and low cost, adapt to the limited space in the car, and have energy feedback capability to reduce the energy consumption of the whole vehicle;
2. The drive motor has high speed and wide speed regulation and low speed and high torque to provide high starting speed, climbing performance and high speed acceleration performance;
3. The electronic control system should have high control accuracy, high dynamic response rate, and provide high safety and reliability.
As an important part of the new energy vehicle industry chain, the technology and manufacturing level of the motor and electronic control system directly affect the performance and cost of the whole vehicle. At present, the degree of domestic autonomy in the field of motors and electronic controls is still far behind that of batteries. Some core components of motors and electronic controls, such as IGBT chips, still do not have complete independent production capabilities, and there are still only a few vehicle companies and parts companies with complete system intellectual property rights.
For general OEMs, the only thing they master in terms of electronic control is the vehicle controller. The vehicle controller of new energy vehicles is not very different from that of traditional vehicles, so its maturity is also relatively high.
In addition, the energy consumption of the motor directly determines the battery's range at a fixed capacity. Therefore, the electric vehicle drive system has special requirements in terms of load requirements, technical performance, and working environment:
1. The drive motor must have higher specific energy (energy density), achieve lightweight and low cost, adapt to the limited interior space layout, and also have energy feedback capabilities to reduce the energy consumption of the vehicle.
2. The drive motor must have high speed and wide speed regulation and low speed and high torque to provide high starting speed, climbing performance, and high-speed acceleration performance.
3. The electronic control system must have high control accuracy and dynamic response rate, and at the same time provide high safety and reliability.
As an important link in the new energy vehicle industry chain, the technology and manufacturing level of the motor and electronic control system directly affect the performance and cost of the vehicle.
